Contract Verification
Contract verification is the process of matching a deployed ink! contract with the source code and metadata generated when it was built.
The verification process for Rust-based smart contract languages is more complex than EVM-based languages such as Solidity due to the Rust compiler not providing deterministic builds of contracts.
In order to verify an ink! smart contract, the verification process must recompile the contract in an identical host environment to which it was originally built. The simplest way to do this is using a Docker container.
Since ink! 5.0, cargo-contract provides the necessary tools to produce
a verifiable build and verify a binary against the reference contract.
Contract verification tools are available from cargo-contract
version 4.0 on. To install it, run
cargo install cargo-contract --locked --version ^4
Verifiable build
As mentioned earlier, due to the non-deterministic nature of Rust compilation,
smart contract developers are advised to build their project inside
a Docker container we provide. Luckily, cargo contract build
provides the --verifiable flag for this purpose.
The steps for the verifiable build production are:
- Install Docker Engine
- (Linux users) Make sure you complete the post-installation step. This is required for the correct operation of the command.
- Ensure Docker Engine is up and running, and the socket is accessible.
- Simply run
cargo contract build --verifiable.
This will pull the image with the version that corresponds to your cargo-contract crate version,
perform a build, and write artifacts in the standard output directory.
If everything is correct, you can verify the image version in the metadata file.
It should contain a key-value image after the contract information:
"contract": {
"name": "flipper",
"version": "4.3.0",
"authors": [
"Parity Technologies <admin@parity.io>"
]
},
"image": "paritytech/contracts-verifiable:4.0.0-alpha",
You are now ready to deploy your contract to a production chain.
The image is amd64 based. Therefore, the build times can be significantly slower
on Apple Silicon machines. To overcome the issue enable Rosetta for x86/amd64 emulation
in Settings → Features in development tab in Docker Desktop App.
Verifying contract
Similarly to etherscan, you want to ensure that the given contract bundle is indeed a copy of some well-known contract code.
There are two options when it comes to verification:
- Local bare-bones verification using
cargo contract verify - A third-party service Sirato
cargo contract verify allows you to verify the given cargo project
against a reference contract bundle.
Simply run cargo contract verify <path>
in the cargo project directory.
If the reference contract was not build inside a docker container, the command will compare the build info from the reference contract with the current environment to ensure a match in environment.
If you are not using standardized verifiable builds. It is your responsibility to ensure deterministic environment both for build and verification of smart contracts.
If the build info from the .contract file matches the environment and a
docker image is present in metadata, cargo contract will build the
project inside the specified image docker container.
Otherwise, a local build is carried out.
Upon completion, the built contract bundle is compared to the reference one and the result is returned.
Advanced usage
If you would like to carry out other operations inside a deterministic environment
you can use our docker image. It is availble on Docker Hub.
The entry point is set to cargo contract allowing you to specify other commands to be
executed.
If you are building a multi-contract project, make sure you are executing the build in the parent directory in order to mount the directory of all contracts to be visible. Specify a relative manifest path to the root contract:
cargo contract build --verifiable --manifest-path ink-project-a/Cargo.toml
You can find a Dockerfile and further documentation on image usage
in the cargo-contract repository